Problems
Problem 1: Gain measurement equation (30 points)
For Vpq_obs=g_p g_q* Vpq_true+n, let g_p=1.05 exp(i 8 deg), g_q=0.95 exp(-i 4 deg), and Vtrue=100 mJy real. Compute observed amplitude and phase ignoring noise, then solve back for Vtrue.
Required: derivation, units, intermediate values, uncertainty/assumption, and an interpretation that identifies what the result does not prove.
Problem 2: Phase decorrelation (30 points)
For Gaussian phase residual rms=10 deg, calculate coherence. Repeat at 20 deg and compare the two losses; explain why loss is not linear in rms phase.
Required: derivation, units, intermediate values, uncertainty/assumption, and an interpretation that identifies what the result does not prove.
Problem 3: Correlated uncertainty (30 points)
A 120-mJy source has independent thermal 5%, gain 3%, and flux-scale 2% terms. Compute total uncertainty. If another source shares the flux-scale solution, explain which part cancels in the ratio.
Required: derivation, units, intermediate values, uncertainty/assumption, and an interpretation that identifies what the result does not prove.