Statistical uncertainty
Definition: Variation expected from finite noisy data under the adopted sampling model.
Why it matters here: It is required to answer How do we know what is limiting the measurement? and to distinguish direct observation from cosmological inference.
Relationships: Read it with Calibration uncertainty, the model \(C_total = C_stat + C_cal + C_model + ...\), and the evidence statement The package makes distinct records for live-verified Pantheon+ source data, published summary values not re-fetched from the paper, and theoretical or synthetic illustrations.
Boundary or common confusion: A checksum proves file identity, not scientific validity; provenance, versioning, units, and independent checks are also required.
Calibration uncertainty
Definition: Error in the mapping from instrument response to a physical observable.
Why it matters here: It is required to answer How do we know what is limiting the measurement? and to distinguish direct observation from cosmological inference.
Relationships: Read it with Model systematic, the model \(C_total = C_stat + C_cal + C_model + ...\), and the evidence statement The package makes distinct records for live-verified Pantheon+ source data, published summary values not re-fetched from the paper, and theoretical or synthetic illustrations.
Boundary or common confusion: A checksum proves file identity, not scientific validity; provenance, versioning, units, and independent checks are also required.
Model systematic
Definition: Bias or uncertainty caused by an incomplete or misspecified physical or population model.
Why it matters here: It is required to answer How do we know what is limiting the measurement? and to distinguish direct observation from cosmological inference.
Relationships: Read it with Error budget, the model \(C_total = C_stat + C_cal + C_model + ...\), and the evidence statement The package makes distinct records for live-verified Pantheon+ source data, published summary values not re-fetched from the paper, and theoretical or synthetic illustrations.
Boundary or common confusion: A checksum proves file identity, not scientific validity; provenance, versioning, units, and independent checks are also required.
Error budget
Definition: A structured accounting of uncertainty sources, correlations, and propagation to the final claim.
Why it matters here: It is required to answer How do we know what is limiting the measurement? and to distinguish direct observation from cosmological inference.
Relationships: Read it with Blinding, the model \(C_total = C_stat + C_cal + C_model + ...\), and the evidence statement The package makes distinct records for live-verified Pantheon+ source data, published summary values not re-fetched from the paper, and theoretical or synthetic illustrations.
Boundary or common confusion: A checksum proves file identity, not scientific validity; provenance, versioning, units, and independent checks are also required.
Blinding
Definition: A procedure that hides or offsets sensitive results to reduce analyst-driven confirmation bias.
Why it matters here: It is required to answer How do we know what is limiting the measurement? and to distinguish direct observation from cosmological inference.
Relationships: Read it with Statistical uncertainty, the model \(C_total = C_stat + C_cal + C_model + ...\), and the evidence statement The package makes distinct records for live-verified Pantheon+ source data, published summary values not re-fetched from the paper, and theoretical or synthetic illustrations.
Boundary or common confusion: A checksum proves file identity, not scientific validity; provenance, versioning, units, and independent checks are also required.