Instructor key. Numeric values are generated by build_astr476_package.py from the computation module and the included source subset.
Solution 1
D(0)=1.00000, D(0.5)=0.76892, D(1)=0.60675; normalized at z=0; radiation/neutrinos and nonlinear scale effects omitted.
Solution 2
At z=0.5, centered estimates are f=0.760991 for h=0.01 and f=0.760998 for h=0.005; compare their absolute difference 7.47e-06.
Solution 3
With C=LL^T, solve y=L^-1 r and chi-square=y^T y. Linear solves are more stable and cheaper than explicitly forming C^-1.
Solution 4
Likelihood contours hold the data model fixed; posterior contours include priors and marginalization. Informative or bounded priors can shift widths or exclude high-likelihood volume.